Installing oracle 11g release 2 on linux server using vmware

Installing Oracle 11gR2 on RHEL5

Here I am installing oracle 11g release 2 on RHEL5 using vmware workstation. This document is for learning purpose only as you have to adjust some parameter values and other options while installing in real time environment.

The steps for installing oracle software are

• Guest Operating system installation.
• Requirements check.
• Prerequisites for installing oracle software.
• Install the oracle software and Create a database using DBCA.

Guest Operating system installation

Here I created a vmware virtual machine for OS and oracle software installation.
click here for RHEL5 installation steps. 

Requirements check :

• We need atleast 1gb of ram memory for the linux machine.
• The swap space should be atleast 1.5 times the ram size(for ram size b/n 1gb to 2 gb).
• The /tmp mount should have atleast 1gb of space available.
• Check the free space of the mount points where we are installing oracle software and the database files.
• Check the linux kernel version, the kernel version for installing oracle 11gR2 should be equal to or greater than 2.6.18.

To check ram and swap memory

[root@test ~]# free -m

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          1010        458        551          0         31        317
-/+ buffers/cache:        109        901
Swap:         2596          0       2596
[root@test ~]#

To check /tmp space 

[root@test ~]# df -h /tmp

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5             3.9G   36M  3.8G   1% /tmp
[root@test ~]#

To check /u01 mount space where the oracle software and database files will be installed.

[root@test ~]# df -h /u01

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda6              14G  163M   13G   2% /u01
[root@test ~]#

To check the linux kernel version.

[root@test ~]# uname -r

2.6.18-274.el5

[root@test ~]# 

Prerequisites for installing oracle software.

Add an entry of ip address,fully qualified name and machine name in /etc/hosts

[root@test ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               test.localdomain test localhost.localdomain localhost
::1             localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.1.192  test.localdomain   test
[root@test ~]#

Add the following lines in /etc/sysctl.conf

Some entries may already existing in this linux kernel configuration file. If the given value is greater than the existing value for any parameter, we have to adjust it to the greater value otherwise we can ignore it.

# Oracle settings
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304

To make effect the kernel parameters changes immediately

[root@test ~]# /sbin/sysctl -p

Create OS user (oracle software owner) and groups needed to install oracle software.

[root@test ~]# groupadd dba
[root@test ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@test ~]# groupadd oper
[root@test ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[root@test ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@test ~]#

Create a directory where oracle software will be installed and provide the necessary ownership and privileges.

[root@test ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[root@test ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
[root@test ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01
[root@test ~]#

Set the shell limits in /etc/security/limits.conf for the oracle owner

oracle           soft    nproc   2047

oracle           hard    nproc   16384

oracle           soft    nofile  1024

oracle           hard    nofile  65536

Add the following line to /etc/pam.d/login if the same is not there

session    required     pam_limits.so

Check the /etc/selinux/config to see whether the selinux parameter is disabled.

SELINUX=disabled

Verify that the required rpm packages are installed for oracle

Mount the RHEL5 dvd or it's corresponsing iso image, go to /media/RHEL_5.7 i386 DVD/Server directory and give the below commands. By using "rpm -Uvh <package name>" command, the packages will be installed if it is not prevously installed

rpm -Uvh binutils-2*

rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*

rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0*

rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-0*

rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0*

rpm -Uvh gcc-4*

rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4*

rpm -Uvh glibc-2*`uname -p`*

rpm -Uvh glibc-common-2*

rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2*

rpm -Uvh glibc-headers-2*

rpm -Uvh kernel-headers-2*

rpm -Uvh ksh-20*

rpm -Uvh libaio-0*

rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0* 

rpm -Uvh libgcc-4*

rpm -Uvh libgomp-4*

rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4* 

rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4*

rpm -Uvh make-3*

rpm -Uvh numactl-devel-0*

rpm -Uvh sysstat-7*

rpm -Uvh unixODBC-2*

rpm -Uvh unixODBC-devel-2*

rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*

Give access to oracle user for using X server which is needed to run oracle universal installer

[root@test ~]# xhost +SI:localuser:oracle

localuser:oracle being added to access control list

[root@test ~]# 

Add the following lines to .bash_profile  file.

switch to oracle user and add the following entries.

# Oracle settings

TMP=/tmp; export TMP

TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=test.localdomain; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=testdb; export ORACLE_SID

ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;

export CLASSPATH

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

   if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

     ulimit -p 16384

     ulimit -n 65536

   else

     ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

   fi

fi

Run the following command to make the given changes effective.

[oracle@test ~]$ source ~/.bash_profile 

[oracle@test ~]$ 

Install the oracle software and create a database using DBCA.

Now the system is ready to install oracle software.

Login as oracle user, download/copy the oracle 11gR2 software and unzip the media file.A folder named "database" will be created, go to the database folder and execute the "runInstaller" script to start oracle universal installer.

Start the oracle universal installer.

oracle@test database]$ ls -lrt

total 40
-rwxr-xr-x  1 oracle oinstall 4352 Aug 14  2009 runInstaller
drwxr-xr-x  4 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14  2009 install
drwxr-xr-x  2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14  2009 rpm
drwxr-xr-x 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14  2009 stage
drwxrwxr-x  2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14  2009 sshsetup
drwxrwxr-x  2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14  2009 response
drwxr-xr-x 12 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 17  2009 doc
-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall 5400 Aug 18  2009 welcome.html
[oracle@test database]$ ./runInstaller -ignoreSysprereqs

Configure security updates :

Enter the credentials like email id and My oracle support  password.For learning purpose,you can ignore this options. Click next button.

Installation option 

select "create and configure a database" option if you want to create a database along with software installation. Click next button.

System class

select the "server class" for more advanced configuration option and Click next button

Grid option:

Select "single instance" or "Real application clusters" database installation. Click next button.

Install type:

Select "Typical install" option and click next button.

Typical installation:

Provide the global database name and administrative password. Also check other prepopulated entries. After verifying the entries click the next button.

Create inventory:

Verify the prepopulated inventory directory and it's group name and click the next button.

Prerequisite checks:

Proceed only after confirming all the prerequisite checks are succeeded.

Summary:

Go through the configuration summary and click the finish button.

Install product:

Wait for installation of all the products to complete.

Starts Database configuration Assistant:

If we had opted to create a database, then dbca will starts automatically after completing the product installation.

Click ok

Execute configuration scripts:

Execute both the scripts by login as root user and after successful completion click the ok button.

[oracle@test dbs]$ su -

Password: 

[root@test ~]#

[root@test ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@test ~]#

[root@test ~]#

[root@test ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root.sh script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Finished product-specific root actions.

[root@test ~]# 

Finish:

Now the oracle software is successfully installed and a database named "testdb" has been created.

Verify the database details:

Login as sys user, start the database created and verify the database details.

18:20:51 SQL> show user

USER is "SYS"

18:20:59 SQL> select banner from v$version;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

CORE    11.2.0.1.0      Production

TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00

18:21:06 SQL> select name from v$database;

NAME

---------

TESTDB

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00

18:21:21 SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS

---------------- ------------

testdb           OPEN

Elapsed: 00:00:00.01

18:21:32 SQL> 

18:21:46 SQL>